esp32 [Open Greenhouse Control Project

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===== ESP32 (Family) ===== 
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** A Family of low-cost microcontrollers by [[espressif|Espressif Systems]] **
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The ESP32 is a series of low-power, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth enabled [[microcontroller|microcontrollers]] developed by [[espressif|Espressif Systems]]. The ESP32 family has become increasingly popular among makers, hobbyists, and professionals due to its versatility, 
ease of use, and affordability. With its roots in [[internet_of_things|IoT (Internet of Things)]] development, the [[esp32|ESP32]] has expanded to encompass a wide range of applications, from wearable devices to industrial automation.

**Original ESP32**

The [[esp32wroom1|original ESP32]], released in 2016, was a major breakthrough in the microcontroller industry. It featured a dual-core processor with speeds up to 240 MHz, 520 KB of SRAM, and 4 MB of PSRAM. The ESP32 was designed for low-power 
consumption, with typical currents ranging from 5-10 mA. Its integration of [[wifi|Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n)]] and Bluetooth (v4.0) capabilities made it an attractive option for [[internet_of_things|IoT]] projects that required wireless connectivity.

**ESP32-S2**

The [[esp32s2|ESP32-S2]], released in 2020, is a more power-efficient variant of the original ESP32. With speeds up to 240 MHz, the S2 boasts a lower active current of around 4-8 mA, making it suitable for battery-powered devices. The S2 also features improved security with hardware-based AES encryption and SHA hashing. This chip has become popular in applications where power consumption is critical, such as wearables and [[internet_of_things|IoT]] sensors.

**ESP32-S3**
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The [[esp32s3|ESP32-S3]] was introduced in 2021, offering further enhancements to the ESP32 family. It boasts speeds up to 240 MHz and features a more efficient processor design that reduces active current to around 2-4 mA. The S3 also includes improved security features, such as hardware-based AES encryption, SHA hashing, and TRNG (True Random Number Generator). This chip is designed for applications requiring high-performance and low power consumption.

**ESP32-C3 and ESP32-C6**
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In addition to the S series, Espressif has introduced two more variants in the C family: the [[esp32c3|ESP32-C3]] and [[esp32c6|ESP32-C6]]. The ESP32-C3 is a microcontroller focused on low-power operation, with speeds up to 160 MHz, single-core cpu with an active current of around 2-5 mA. It features a reduced pin count compared to other ESP32 variants but still retains [[wifi|Wi-Fi]] and Bluetooth capabilities. The ESP32-C6, released in 2022, boasts higher performance with speeds up to 240 MHz and a reduced active current of around 1.8-3.4 mA. The C6 is the only ESP32 chip, as of 2026, to be compatable with 5GHz WiFi. Both the C3 and C6 (along with the S3-Supermini) are the first of the ESP32 family to move from [[xtensa|XTENSA]]-based CPUs to [[risc|RISC-V]] CPUs.

ALL ESP32 Family Microcontrollers are capable of using a local wireless communication protocol for esp-to-esp communication using their [[wifi|WiFi]] radios called ESPnow

**Specifications Across the Family** 

| Model | Cores | Speed (MHz) | RAM (KB) | Power Consumption (mA) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [[esp32wroom1|ESP32]] | Dual-core | 240 | 520 + 4 MB PSRAM | 5-10 |
| ESP32-S2 | Dual-core | 240 | 320 + 4 MB PSRAM | 4-8 |
| ESP32-S3 | Dual-core | 240 | 400 + 4 MB PSRAM | 2-4 |
| ESP32-C3 | Single-core | 160 | 300 + 24 KB SRAM | 2-5 |
| ESP32-C6 | Dual-core | 240 | 320 + 8 MB PSRAM | 1.8-3.4 |

Note: Specifications CAN AND WILL vary by board manufacturer, especially with mini boards! Check the details!